Lala Mila

Born Lahir Warren Edward Buffett Warren Edward Buffett
August 30, 1930 (age 79) 30 Agustus 1930 (umur 79)
Omaha, Nebraska , US Omaha, Nebraska , Amerika Serikat

Nationality Kebangsaan American Amerika
Alma mater Alma mater
University of Pennsylvania Universitas Pennsylvania
University of Nebraska–Lincoln University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Columbia University Universitas Columbia

Occupation Pekerjaan Chairman & CEO of Berkshire Hathaway , Investor Ketua & CEO Berkshire Hathaway , Investor

Salary Gaji US$100,000 [ 1 ] US $ 100.000 [1]

Net worth Kekayaan bersih ▲ US$ 47 billion (2010) [ 2 ] ▲ US $ 47 miliar (2010) [2]

Spouse(s) Pasangan (s) Susan Thompson Buffett (1952–2004) Susan Thompson Buffett (1952-2004)
Astrid Menks (2006–present) [ 3 ] Astrid Menks (2006-sekarang) [3]

Children Anak-anak Susan Alice Buffett Susan Alice Buffett
Howard Graham Buffett Howard Graham Buffett
Peter Andrew Buffett Peter Andrew Buffett

Signature Tanda tangan

Warren Edward Buffett ( pronounced /ˈbʌfɨt/ ; born August 30, 1930) is an American investor , industrialist , and philanthropist . Warren Edward Buffett (diucapkan / bʌfɨt / ; lahir 30 Agustus 1930) adalah seorang Amerika investor , pengusaha , dan dermawan . He is one of the most successful investors in the world. Dia adalah salah satu investor paling sukses di dunia. Often called the "legendary investor Warren Buffett", [ 4 ] [ 5 ] he is the primary shareholder , chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway . [ 6 ] He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people , he was ranked as the world's wealthiest person in 2009 and is currently the third wealthiest person in the world as of 2010. [ 7 ] Sering disebut "legendaris investor Warren Buffett", [4] [5] Ia adalah pemegang saham utama , chairman dan CEO dari Berkshire Hathaway . [6] Dia konsisten peringkat di antara terkaya orang dunia , ia menempati peringkat terkaya dunia orang pada tahun 2009 dan saat ini orang terkaya ketiga di dunia pada 2010. [7]
Buffett is called the "Oracle of Omaha" [ 8 ] or the "Sage of Omaha" [ 9 ] and is noted for his adherence to the value investing philosophy and for his personal frugality despite his immense wealth . [ 10 ] Buffett is also a notable philanthropist, having pledged to give away 99 percent [ 11 ] of his fortune to philanthropic causes, primarily via the Gates Foundation . Buffett disebut "Oracle of Omaha" [8] atau "Sage of Omaha" [9] dan terkenal karena kepatuhan kepada nilai investasi filsafat dan untuk pribadinya berhemat meskipun besar nya kekayaan . [10] Buffett juga dermawan terkenal, setelah berjanji untuk memberikan 99 persen [11] kekayaannya penyebab filantropis, terutama melalui Gates Foundation . He also serves as a member of the board of trustees at Grinnell College . [ 12 ] Beliau juga menjabat sebagai anggota dewan penyantun di Grinnell College . [12]
[ edit ] Early life [ sunting ] Kehidupan awal
Buffett was born in Omaha, Nebraska , the second of three children and only son of businessman & politician Howard Buffett . [ 13 ] and his wife Leila (née Stahl). Buffett dilahirkan di Omaha, Nebraska , yang kedua dari tiga anak dan anak hanya dari pengusaha & politikus Howard Buffett . [13] dan istrinya Leila (née Stahl). Buffett began his education at Rose Hill Elementary School in Omaha. Buffett mulai pendidikan di SD Rose Hill di Omaha. In 1942, his father was elected to the first of four terms in the United States Congress , and after moving with his family to Washington, DC , Warren finished elementary school, attended Alice Deal Junior High School, and graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School . [ 14 ] Pada tahun 1942, ayahnya terpilih menjadi anggota pertama dari empat hal di Kongres Amerika Serikat , dan setelah pindah dengan keluarganya ke Washington, DC , Warren menyelesaikan sekolah dasar, dihadiri Alice Deal SMP, dan lulus dari Woodrow Wilson High School . [14]
Even as a child, Buffett displayed an interest in making and saving money. Bahkan sebagai seorang anak, Buffett ditampilkan minat dalam membuat dan menyimpan uang. He went door to door selling chewing gum, Coca-Cola , or weekly magazines. Dia pergi dari pintu ke pintu menjual permen karet, Coca-Cola , atau majalah mingguan. For a while, he worked in his grandfather's grocery store. Untuk sementara, ia bekerja di toko kelontong kakeknya. While still in high school, he carried out several successful money-making ideas: delivering newspapers, selling golfballs and stamps, and detailing cars, among them. Sementara masih di SMA, ia membawa beberapa ide-ide membuat uang-sukses: loper koran, jual golfballs dan perangko, dan merinci mobil, di antara mereka. Filing his first income tax return in 1944, Buffett took a $35 deduction for the use of his bicycle and watch on his paper route. [ 15 ] In 1945, in his sophomore year of high school, Buffett and a friend spent $25 to purchase a used pinball machine, which they placed in the local barber shop . Filing pendapatan pertama pengembalian pajak tahun 1944, Buffett mengambil 35 potongan $ untuk penggunaan sepeda dan menonton di rute korannya. [15] Pada tahun 1945, di tahun kedua-nya sekolah tinggi, Buffett dan teman menghabiskan $ 25 untuk pembelian digunakan pinball mesin, yang mereka ditempatkan di lokal toko tukang cukur . Within months, they owned several machines in different barber shops. Dalam beberapa bulan, mereka memiliki beberapa mesin di toko-toko tukang cukur yang berbeda.
Buffett's interest in the stock market and investing also dated to his childhood, to the days he spent in the customers' lounge of a regional stock brokerage near the office of his father's own brokerage company. Buffett bunga di pasar saham dan investasi juga tanggal ke masa kecilnya, ke hari-hari ia habiskan di pelanggan 'lounge dari suatu daerah pialang saham di dekat kantor broker perusahaan sendiri ayahnya. On a trip to New York City at the age of ten, he made a point to visit the New York Stock Exchange . Pada perjalanan ke New York City pada usia sepuluh tahun, ia membuat titik untuk mengunjungi New York Stock Exchange . And about this same time he purchased shares of Cities Service for himself and his sister. Dan tentang hal ini saat yang sama ia membeli saham Cities Service untuk dirinya sendiri dan adiknya. While in high school he invested in a business owned by his father and bought a farm worked by a tenant farmer. Sementara di SMA ia diinvestasikan dalam bisnis milik ayahnya dan membeli sebuah lahan pertanian bekerja dengan seorang petani penyewa. By the time he finished college, Buffett had accumulated more than $90,000 in savings measured in 2009 dollars. Pada saat ia selesai kuliah, Buffett telah mengumpulkan lebih dari $ 90.000 dalam tabungan diukur pada tahun 2009 dolar.

Benjamin Graham (1894–1976) Benjamin Graham (1894-1976)

Phil Fisher (1907–2004) Phil Fisher (1907-2004)
Buffett entered college in 1947 at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania (1947–49). Buffett masuk perguruan tinggi pada tahun 1947 di Wharton School di University of Pennsylvania (1947-1949). After two years he transferred to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln , where in 1950, at the age of nineteen, he finished his studies for a BS in Economics. [ 16 ] Buffett enrolled at Columbia Business School after learning that Benjamin Graham (author of " The Intelligent Investor " - one of his favorite books on investing) and David Dodd , two well-known securities analysts , taught there. Setelah dua tahun ia dipindahkan ke Universitas Nebraska-Lincoln , di mana pada tahun 1950, pada usia sembilan belas, ia selesai studinya untuk BS di Ekonomi. [16] Buffett terdaftar di Columbia Business School setelah mengetahui bahwa Benjamin Graham (penulis " Intelligent Investor "- salah satu buku favoritnya pada investasi) dan David Dodd , dua terkenal analis sekuritas , mengajar di sana. He received a MS in Economics from Columbia Business School in 1951. Dia menerima MS di Ekonomi dari Columbia Business School pada tahun 1951. Buffet also attended the New York Institute of Finance . Buffet juga menghadiri New York Institute of Finance . In Buffett's own words: Dengan kata Buffett sendiri:
“ " I'm 15 percent Fisher and 85 percent Benjamin Graham . [ 17 ] Aku 15 persen Fisher dan 85 persen Benjamin Graham . [17]
The basic ideas of investing are to look at stocks as business, use the market's fluctuations to your advantage, and seek a margin of safety . Ide dasar dari investasi adalah untuk melihat saham sebagai bisnis, gunakan fluktuasi pasar untuk keuntungan Anda, dan mencari margin keselamatan . That's what Ben Graham taught us. Itulah yang diajarkan Ben Graham kita. A hundred years from now they will still be the cornerstones of investing. [ 18 ] Seratus tahun dari sekarang mereka masih akan menjadi pilar investasi. [18]
” "
[ edit ] Career [ sunting ] Karir
See also: List of assets owned by Berkshire Hathaway Lihat pula: Daftar aset yang dimiliki oleh Berkshire Hathaway
Buffett was employed from 1951–54 at Buffett-Falk & Co. , Omaha as an Investment Salesman, from 1954–1956 at Graham-Newman Corp. , New York as a Securities Analyst, from 1956–1969 at Buffett Partnership, Ltd. , Omaha as a General Partner and from 1970 – Present at Berkshire Hathaway Inc , Omaha as its Chairman , CEO . Buffett bekerja 1951-54 di Buffett-Falk & Co, Omaha sebagai Salesman Investasi, 1.954-1.956 di Graham-Newman Corp, New York sebagai Analis Efek, 1.956-1.969 di Buffett Partnership, Ltd, Omaha sebagai Mitra Umum dan dari tahun 1970 - Hadir di Berkshire Hathaway Inc , Omaha sebagai perusahaan Ketua , CEO .
In 1950 (20 years old) Buffett had made and saved $9,800. Pada tahun 1950 (20 tahun) Buffett telah dibuat dan disimpan $ 9.800. In April 1952, Buffett discovered Graham was on the board of GEICO insurance. Pada bulan April 1952, Buffett menemukan Graham berada di dewan GEICO asuransi. Taking a train to Washington, DC on a Saturday, he knocked on the door of GEICO's headquarters until a janitor allowed him in. There he met Lorimer Davidson, Geico's Vice President, and the two discussed the insurance business for hours. Mengambil kereta ke Washington, DC pada hari Sabtu, dia mengetuk pintu kantor pusat GEICO sampai petugas kebersihan mengizinkannya masuk sana ia bertemu Lorimer Davidson, GEICO Wakil Presiden, dan dua membahas bisnis asuransi selama berjam-jam. Davidson would eventually become Buffett's life-long friend and a lasting influence [ 19 ] and later recall that he found Buffett to be an "extraordinary man" after only fifteen minutes. Davidson akhirnya akan menjadi hidup-panjang teman Buffett dan pengaruh yang abadi [19] dan kemudian ingat bahwa ia menemukan Buffett menjadi orang luar biasa "" setelah hanya lima belas menit. Buffett graduated from Columbia and wanted to work on Wall Street , however, both his father and Ben Graham urged him not to. Buffett lulus dari Columbia dan ingin bekerja di Wall Street , bagaimanapun, baik ayah dan Ben Graham untuk tidak mendesaknya. He offered to work for Graham for free, but Graham refused [ 20 ] Dia menawarkan untuk bekerja Graham gratis, tetapi Graham menolak [20]
Buffett returned to Omaha and worked as a stockbroker while taking a Dale Carnegie public speaking course. [ citation needed ] Using what he learned, he felt confident enough to teach an "Investment Principles" night class at the University of Nebraska-Omaha . Buffet kembali ke Omaha dan bekerja sebagai pialang saham saat mengambil Dale Carnegie kursus berbicara di depan umum [. rujukan? ] Menggunakan apa yang dia pelajari, dia merasa cukup percaya diri untuk mengajarkan suatu "Prinsip Investasi" di kelas malam University of Nebraska-Omaha . The average age of his students was more than twice his own. Usia rata-rata murid-muridnya lebih dari dua kali sendiri. During this time he also purchased a Sinclair Texaco gas station as a side investment. Selama waktu itu dia juga membeli sebuah pompa bensin Texaco Sinclair sebagai sisi investasi. However, this did not turn out to be a successful business venture. Namun, ini tidak berubah menjadi suatu usaha bisnis yang sukses.
In 1952 [ 21 ] Buffett married Susan Thompson and the next year they had their first child, Susan Alice Buffett . Pada tahun 1952 [21] Buffett menikah Susan Thompson dan tahun berikutnya mereka memiliki anak pertama mereka, Susan Alice Buffett . In 1954, Buffett accepted a job at Benjamin Graham 's partnership. Pada 1954, Buffett menerima pekerjaan di Benjamin Graham kemitraan s '. His starting salary was $12,000 a year (approximately $97,000 adjusted to 2008 dollars). Gajinya mulai adalah $ 12.000 per tahun (sekitar 97.000 $ disesuaikan sampai 2008 dolar). There he worked closely with Walter Schloss . Di sana ia bekerja sama dengan Walter Schloss . Graham was a tough man to work for. Graham adalah orang yang sulit untuk bekerja. He was adamant that stocks provide a wide margin of safety after weighting the trade-off between their price and their intrinsic value. Dia bersikukuh bahwa saham memberikan marjin keselamatan yang luas setelah pembobotan trade-off antara harga dan nilai intrinsik mereka. The argument made sense to Buffett but he questioned whether the criteria were too stringent and caused the company to miss out on big winners that had more qualitative values. [ citation needed ] That same year the Buffetts had their second child, Howard Graham Buffett . Argumen masuk akal Buffett tetapi ia mempertanyakan apakah kriteria terlalu ketat dan menyebabkan perusahaan untuk kehilangan pemenang besar yang mempunyai nilai lebih kualitatif. [ rujukan? ] Pada tahun yang sama Buffetts memiliki anak kedua mereka, Howard Graham Buffett . In 1956, Benjamin Graham retired and closed his partnership. Pada tahun 1956, Benjamin Graham pensiun dan menutup kemitraan Nya. At this time Buffett's personal savings were over $174,000 ($1.2 million inflation adjusted to 2009 dollars) and he started Buffett Partnership Ltd., an investment partnership in Omaha. Pada saat ini tabungan pribadi Buffett sudah berakhir $ 174,000 ($ 1.200.000 inflasi disesuaikan dengan 2.009 dolar) dan dia mulai Buffett Partnership Ltd, sebuah kemitraan investasi di Omaha.

House in Omaha's Dundee neighborhood often identified as Buffett's Rumah di lingkungan Dundee Omaha sering diidentifikasi sebagai Buffett
In 1957, Buffett had three partnerships operating the entire year. Pada tahun 1957, Buffett memiliki tiga kemitraan beroperasi sepanjang tahun. He purchased a five-bedroom stucco house in Omaha , where he still lives, for $31,500. Dia membeli sebuah kamar tidur plesteran rumah-lima di Omaha , di mana ia masih hidup, untuk $ 31.500. In 1958 the Buffett's third child, Peter Andrew Buffett , was born. Pada tahun 1958 Buffett ketiga anak tersebut, Peter Andrew Buffett , dilahirkan. Buffett operated five partnerships the entire year. Buffett dioperasikan lima kemitraan sepanjang tahun. In 1959, the company grew to six partnerships operating the entire year and Buffett was introduced to Charlie Munger . Pada tahun 1959, perusahaan tumbuh sampai enam kemitraan operasi sepanjang tahun dan Buffett diperkenalkan kepada Charlie Munger . By 1960, Buffett had seven partnerships operating: Buffett Associates, Buffett Fund, Dacee, Emdee, Glenoff, Mo-Buff and Underwood. Pada 1960, Buffett memiliki tujuh operasi kemitraan: Buffett Associates, Buffett Dana, Dacee, Emdee, Glenoff, Mo-Buff dan Underwood. He asked one of his partners, a doctor, to find ten other doctors willing to invest $10,000 each in his partnership. Dia meminta salah satu mitra itu, seorang dokter, untuk mencari sepuluh dokter lain bersedia untuk investasi $ 10.000 dalam kemitraan-Nya. Eventually eleven agreed, and Buffett pooled their money with a mere $100 original investment of his own. Akhirnya sebelas setuju, dan Buffett mengumpulkan uang mereka dengan investasi awal hanya $ 100 sendiri. In 1961, Buffett revealed that Sanborn Map Company accounted for 35% of the partnership's assets. Pada tahun 1961, Buffett mengungkapkan bahwa Peta Sanborn Perusahaan dicatat 35% aset kemitraan itu. He explained that in 1958 Sanborn stock sold at only $45 per share when the value of the Sanborn investment portfolio was $65 per share. Dia menjelaskan bahwa pada tahun 1958 saham Sanborn dijual hanya $ 45 per saham ketika nilai portofolio investasi Sanborn adalah $ 65 per saham. This meant that buyers valued Sanborn stock at "minus $20" per share and were unwilling to pay more than 70 cents on the dollar for an investment portfolio with a map business thrown in for nothing. Ini berarti bahwa pembeli saham senilai Sanborn di "minus $ 20" per saham dan tidak bersedia untuk membayar lebih dari 70 sen dolar untuk portofolio investasi dengan peta bisnis dilemparkan di sia-sia. This earned him a spot on the board of Sanborn. Hal ini membuatnya mendapatkan tempat di dewan Sanborn.
[ edit ] As a millionaire [ sunting ] Sebagai seorang jutawan
In 1962, Buffett became a millionaire , because of his partnerships , which in January 1962 had an excess of $7,178,500, of which over $1,025,000 belonged to Buffett. Pada tahun 1962, Buffett menjadi jutawan , karena itu kemitraan , yang pada Januari 1962 memiliki kelebihan dari $ 7.178.500, di mana lebih dari $ 1.025.000 milik Buffett. Buffett merged all partnerships into one partnership. Buffett bergabung semua kemitraan menjadi satu kemitraan. Buffett invested in and eventually took control of a textile manufacturing firm, Berkshire Hathaway. Buffett berinvestasi dan akhirnya mengambil alih sebuah perusahaan manufaktur tekstil, Berkshire Hathaway. Buffett's partnerships began purchasing shares at $7.60 per share. kemitraan Buffett mulai membeli saham dengan $ 7,60 per saham. In 1965, when Buffett's partnerships aggressively began purchasing Berkshire, they paid $14.86 per share while the company had working capital of $19 per share. Pada tahun 1965, ketika itu kemitraan Buffett agresif mulai membeli Berkshire, mereka membayar $ 14,86 per saham sementara perusahaan memiliki modal kerja sebesar $ 19 per saham. This did not include the value of fixed assets (factory and equipment). Ini tidak termasuk nilai aktiva tetap (pabrik dan peralatan). Buffett took control of Berkshire Hathaway at the board meeting and named a new president, Ken Chace, to run the company. Buffett mengambil alih Berkshire Hathaway pada pertemuan dewan dan diberi nama presiden baru, Ken Chace, untuk menjalankan perusahaan. In 1966, Buffett closed the partnership to new money. Pada tahun 1966, Buffett menutup kemitraan untuk uang baru. Buffett wrote in his letter: "... unless it appears that circumstances have changed (under some conditions added capital would improve results) or unless new partners can bring some asset to the partnership other than simply capital, I intend to admit no additional partners to BPL." Buffett menulis dalam suratnya: "... kecuali jika tampak bahwa keadaan telah berubah (di bawah beberapa kondisi ditambahkan modal akan memperbaiki hasil) atau kecuali mitra baru dapat membawa beberapa aset ke kemitraan lain dari sekedar modal, saya berniat untuk tidak mengakui mitra tambahan untuk BPL. "
In a second letter, Buffett announced his first investment in a private business — Hochschild, Kohn and Co, a privately owned Baltimore department store. Dalam surat kedua, Buffett mengumumkan investasi pertama dalam bisnis swasta - Hochschild, Kohn dan Co, Baltimore toko departemen swasta. In 1967, Berkshire paid out its first and only dividend of 10 cents. Pada tahun 1967, Berkshire membayar dividen pertama dan hanya 10 sen. In 1969, following his most successful year, Buffett liquidated the partnership and transferred their assets to his partners. Pada tahun 1969, tahun berikutnya yang paling sukses, Buffett kemitraan dilikuidasi dan aset mereka dialihkan ke mitra-nya. Among the assets paid out were shares of Berkshire Hathaway. Di antara aset yang dibayarkan adalah saham dari Berkshire Hathaway. In 1970, as chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Buffett began writing his now-famous annual letters to shareholders. Pada tahun 1970, sebagai ketua Berkshire Hathaway, Buffett mulai menulis surat yang terkenal sekarang-tahunan kepada pemegang saham. However, he lived solely on his salary of $50,000 per year, and his outside investment income. Namun, ia tinggal hanya gaji sebesar $ 50.000 per tahun, dan pendapatan investasi di luar nya. In 1979, Berkshire began the year trading at $775 per share, and ended at $1,310. Pada tahun 1979, Berkshire mulai perdagangan tahun pada $ 775 per saham, dan berakhir di $ 1.310. Buffett's net worth reached $620 million, placing him on the Forbes 400 for the first time. bersih senilai's Buffett mencapai $ 620.000.000, menempatkan dia di Forbes 400 untuk pertama kalinya.
In 1973, Berkshire began to acquire stock in the Washington Post Company . Pada tahun 1973, Berkshire mulai memperoleh saham di Perusahaan Washington Post . Buffett became close friends with Katharine Graham , who controlled the company and its flagship newspaper, and became a member of its board of directors. Buffett menjadi teman dekat dengan Katharine Graham , yang mengontrol perusahaan dan surat kabar kapal, dan menjadi anggota dewan direksi. In 1974, the SEC opened a formal investigation into Warren Buffett and Berkshire's acquisition of WESCO, due to possible conflict of interest. Pada tahun 1974, SEC memulai penyelidikan formal ke Warren Buffett dan akuisisi Berkshire dari WESCO, karena konflik kepentingan. No charges were brought. Tidak ada biaya yang dibawa. In 1977, Berkshire indirectly purchased the Buffalo Evening News for $32.5 million. Pada tahun 1977, Berkshire tidak langsung membeli Buffalo Evening News untuk $ 32.500.000. Antitrust charges started, instigated by its rival, the Buffalo Courier-Express . biaya Antitrust dimulai, dihasut oleh saingan, yang Buffalo-Express Courier. Both papers lost money, until the Courier-Express folded in 1982. Kedua kertas kehilangan uang, sampai-Express Courier dilipat pada tahun 1982.
In 1979, Berkshire began to acquire stock in ABC. Pada tahun 1979, Berkshire mulai memperoleh saham di ABC. Capital Cities' announced $3.5 billion purchase of ABC on March 18, 1985 surprised the media industry, as ABC was some four times bigger than Capital Cities was at the time. Berkshire Hathaway chairman Warren Buffett helped finance the deal in return for a 25 percent stake in the combined company. [ 22 ] The newly merged company, known as Capital Cities/ABC (or CapCities/ABC), was forced to sell off some stations due to FCC ownership rules. Modal Kota 'mengumumkan 3500000000 $ pembelian ABC pada 18 Maret 1985 heran industri media, seperti ABC sekitar empat kali lebih besar dari Modal Kota-kota pada waktu itu. Berkshire Hathaway ketua Warren Buffett membantu membiayai kesepakatan itu dengan imbalan persen saham 25 dalam perusahaan gabungan. [22] The merger perusahaan yang baru, yang dikenal sebagai Ibukota Kota / ABC (atau CapCities / ABC), terpaksa menjual beberapa stasiun karena aturan kepemilikan FCC. Also, the two companies owned several radio stations in the same markets. [ 23 ] Juga, dua perusahaan yang dimiliki beberapa stasiun radio di pasar yang sama. [23]
In 1987, Berkshire Hathaway purchased 12% stake in Salomon Inc., making it the largest shareholder and Buffett the director. Pada tahun 1987, Berkshire Hathaway membeli 12% saham di Salomon Inc, sehingga menjadi pemegang saham terbesar dan Buffett Direktur. In 1990, a scandal involving John Gutfreund (former CEO of Salomon Brothers ) surfaced. Pada tahun 1990, sebuah skandal yang melibatkan John Gutfreund (mantan CEO Salomon Brothers ) muncul. A rogue trader, Paul Mozer , was submitting bids in excess of what was allowed by the Treasury rules. Seorang pedagang nakal, Paulus Mozer , telah mengajukan tawaran yang melebihi apa yang diizinkan oleh peraturan Departemen Keuangan. When this was discovered and brought to the attention of Gutfreund, he did not immediately suspend the rogue trader. Ketika hal ini ditemukan dan dibawa ke perhatian Gutfreund, ia tidak segera menangguhkan pedagang jahat. Gutfreund left the company in August 1991. [ 24 ] Buffett became Chairman of Salomon until the crisis passed; on September 4, 1991, he testified before Congress. [ 25 ] In 1988, Buffett began buying stock in Coca-Cola Company , eventually purchasing up to 7 percent of the company for $1.02 billion. Gutfreund meninggalkan perusahaan pada Agustus 1991. [24] Buffett menjadi Ketua Salomon sampai krisis berlalu, pada tanggal 4 September 1991, ia bersaksi di depan Kongres. [25] Pada tahun 1988, Buffett mulai membeli saham Coca-Cola Company , akhirnya beli hingga 7 persen dari perusahaan untuk $ 1020000000. It would turn out to be one of Berkshire's most lucrative investments, and one which it still holds. Hal ini akan berubah menjadi salah satu investasi yang paling menguntungkan Berkshire, dan satu yang masih berlaku.
[ edit ] As a billionaire [ sunting ] Sebagai miliarder
Buffett became a billionaire on paper when Berkshire Hathaway began selling class A shares on May 29, 1990, when the market closed at $7,175 a share. [ 26 ] In 1998, he acquired General Re (Gen Re), (in a rare move, for stock). Buffett menjadi miliarder di atas kertas saat Berkshire Hathaway mulai menjual saham kelas A pada tanggal 29 Mei 1990,, ketika pasar ditutup pada $ 7.175 per lembar saham. [26] Pada tahun 1998, ia mengakuisisi Umum Re (Kej Re), (dalam langkah langka, untuk saham). In 2002, Buffett became involved with Maurice R. Greenberg at AIG , with General Re providing reinsurance . Pada tahun 2002, Buffett menjadi terlibat dengan Maurice R. Greenberg di AIG , dengan menyediakan Re Umum reasuransi . On March 15, 2005, AIG's board forced Greenberg to resign from his post as Chairman and CEO under the shadow of criticism from Eliot Spitzer , former attorney general of the state of New York . Pada tanggal 15 Maret 2005,'s board Greenberg AIG dipaksa untuk mengundurkan diri dari jabatannya sebagai Chairman dan CEO di bawah bayang-bayang kritik dari Eliot Spitzer , mantan pengacara umum negara bagian New York . On February 9, 2006, AIG and the New York State Attorney General's office agreed to a settlement in which AIG would pay a fine of $1.6 billion. [ 27 ] In 2010, the federal government settled with Berkshire Hathaway for $92 million in return for the firm avoiding prosecution in an AIG fraud scheme, and undergoing 'corporate governance concessions'. [ 28 ] Pada tanggal 9 Februari 2006,, AIG dan New York State Jaksa Agung kantor setuju untuk pemukiman di mana AIG akan membayar denda sebesar $ 1,6 miliar. [27] Pada tahun 2010, pemerintah federal diselesaikan dengan Berkshire Hathaway sebesar $ 92 juta kembali untuk perusahaan menghindari penuntutan di skema penipuan AIG, dan menjalani 'konsesi tata kelola perusahaan'. [28]
In 2002, Buffett entered in $11 billion worth of forward contracts to deliver US dollars against other currencies. Pada tahun 2002, Buffett masuk dalam $ 11000000000 nilai kontrak forward untuk memberikan dolar AS terhadap mata uang lainnya. By April 2006, his total gain on these contracts was over $2 billion. Pada April 2006, total keuntungan pada kontrak ini adalah lebih dari $ 2 miliar. In 2006, Buffett announced in June that he gradually would give away 85% of his Berkshire holdings to five foundations in annual gifts of stock, starting in July 2006. Pada tahun 2006, Buffett mengumumkan pada bulan Juni bahwa ia secara bertahap akan memberikan 85% dari kepemilikan-nya Berkshire untuk lima yayasan di hadiah saham tahunan, dimulai sejak Juli 2006. The largest contribution would go to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation . [ 29 ] In 2007, in a letter to shareholders, Buffett announced that he was looking for a younger successor, or perhaps successors, to run his investment business. [ 30 ] Buffett had previously selected Lou Simpson, who runs investments at Geico , to fill that role. Kontribusi terbesar akan pergi ke Bill dan Melinda Gates Foundation . [29] Pada tahun 2007, dalam sebuah surat kepada pemegang saham, Buffett mengumumkan bahwa ia sedang mencari pengganti yang lebih muda, atau mungkin penerus, untuk menjalankan bisnis investasi nya. [30] Buffett dipilih sebelumnya Lou Simpson, yang menjalankan investasi di GEICO , untuk mengisi peran itu. However, Simpson is only six years younger than Buffett. Namun, Simpson hanya enam tahun lebih muda dari Buffett.
[ edit ] Late 2000s recession [ sunting ] Akhir 2000 resesi
Buffett ran into criticism [ 31 ] during the subprime crisis of 2007–2008 , part of the late 2000s recession , that he had allocated capital too early resulting in suboptimal deals. Buffett berlari ke kritik [31] selama krisis subprime 2007-2008 , bagian dari resesi akhir tahun 2000-an , bahwa ia telah mengalokasikan modal terlalu dini menghasilkan kesepakatan optimal. “Buy American. "Beli Amerika. I am.” he wrote for an opinion piece published recently in the New York Times. [ 32 ] Buffett has called the 2007—present downturn in the financial sector " poetic justice ". [ 33 ] Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway suffered a 77% drop in earnings during Q3 2008 and several of his recent deals appear to be running into large mark-to-market losses. [ 34 ] Aku Times. "Tulisnya untuk menyatakan pendapat sepotong diterbitkan baru-baru ini di New York. [32] Buffett disebut-sekarang penurunan 2007 di sektor keuangan " keadilan puitis ". [33] Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway mengalami% drop 77 di laba selama Q3 2008 dan beberapa kesepakatan baru-baru ini muncul untuk berjalan ke besar mark-to-pasar kerugian. [34]
Berkshire Hathaway acquired 10% perpetual preferred stock of Goldman Sachs . [ 35 ] Some of Buffett's Index put options (European exercise at expiry only) that he wrote (sold) are currently running around $6.73 billion mark-to-market losses. [ 36 ] The scale of the potential loss prompted the SEC to demand that Berkshire produce, "a more robust disclosure" of factors used to value the contracts. [ 36 ] Buffett also helped Dow Chemical pay for its $18.8 billion takeover of Rohm & Haas . Berkshire Hathaway membeli 10% saham preferen abadi dari Goldman Sachs . [35] Beberapa Buffett Indeks put option (latihan Eropa di kadaluwarsa saja) bahwa dia menulis (dijual) yang saat ini berjalan sekitar $ 6730000000-to-market kerugian mark. [36] Skala dari potensi kerugian diminta SEC untuk menuntut bahwa Berkshire menghasilkan, "handal pengungkapan lebih" faktor yang digunakan untuk nilai kontrak. [36] Buffett juga membantu Dow Chemical membayar takeover 18800000000 $ dari Rohm & Haas . He thus became the single largest shareholder in the enlarged group with his Berkshire Hathaway , which provided $3 billion, underlining his instrumental role during the current crisis in debt and equity markets. [ 37 ] Ia kemudian menjadi pemegang saham tunggal terbesar pada kelompok diperbesar dengan nya Berkshire Hathaway , yang menyediakan $ 3 miliar, menggarisbawahi peran penting selama krisis saat ini pada efek hutang dan ekuitas pasar. [37]
In 2008, Buffett became the richest man in the world dethroning Bill Gates , worth $62 billion according to Forbes , [ 38 ] and $58 billion according to Yahoo . [ 39 ] Bill Gates had been number one on the Forbes list for 13 consecutive years. [ 40 ] In 2009, Bill Gates regained number one of the list according to Forbes magazine, with Buffett second. Pada tahun 2008, Buffett menjadi orang terkaya di dunia dethroning Bill Gates , senilai $ 62000000000 menurut Forbes , [38] dan $ 58000000000 menurut Yahoo . [39] Bill Gates sudah nomor satu di Forbes daftar selama 13 tahun berturut-turut. [40] Pada tahun 2009, Bill Gates kembali satu nomor dari daftar menurut majalah Forbes, dengan Buffett kedua. Their values have dropped to $40 billion and $37 billion respectively, Buffett having (according to Forbes) lost $25 billion in 12 months during 2008/2009. [ 41 ] nilai-nilai mereka telah jatuh menjadi $ 40 miliar dan $ 37000000000 masing, Buffett memiliki (menurut Forbes) kehilangan $ 25 miliar dalam 12 bulan selama 2008/2009. [41]
In October 2008, the media reported that Warren Buffett had agreed to buy General Electric (GE) preferred stock. [ 42 ] The operation included extra special incentives: he received an option to buy 3 billion GE at $22.25 in the next five years, and also received a 10% dividend (callable within three years). Pada bulan Oktober 2008, media melaporkan bahwa Warren Buffett telah setuju untuk membeli General Electric (GE) saham preferen. [42] Operasi ini termasuk insentif khusus tambahan: dia menerima opsi untuk membeli 3000000000 GE di $ 22,25 di tahun-tahun berikutnya lima, dan juga menerima dividen 10% (pelunasannya dalam waktu tiga tahun). In February 2009, Warren Buffett sold part of Procter & Gamble Co, and Johnson & Johnson shares from his portfolio. [ 43 ] Pada bulan Februari 2009, Warren Buffett menjual sebagian dari Procter & Gamble Co, dan Johnson & Johnson saham dari portofolionya. [43]
In addition to suggestions of mistiming, questions have been raised as to the wisdom in keeping some of Berkshire's major holdings, including The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE:KO) which in 1998 peaked at $86. Selain saran dari mistiming, pertanyaan yang telah diajukan untuk kebijaksanaan dalam menjaga sebagian besar kepemilikan Berkshire, termasuk The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) yang pada tahun 1998 mencapai puncaknya pada $ 86. Buffett discussed the difficulties of knowing when to sell in the company's 2004 annual report: "That may seem easy to do when one looks through an always-clean, rear-view mirror. Unfortunately, however, it's the windshield through which investors must peer, and that glass is invariably fogged". [ 44 ] In March 2009, Buffett stated in a cable television interview that the economy had "fallen off a cliff... Not only has the economy slowed down a lot, but people have really changed their habits like I haven't seen". Buffett membahas kesulitan mengetahui kapan harus menjual pada tahun 2004 laporan tahunan perusahaan: "Itu mungkin tampak mudah untuk dilakukan ketika seseorang melihat melalui cermin, selalu bersih spion. Sayangnya, bagaimanapun, itu kaca depan di mana investor harus rekan, dan yang kaca selalu berkabut ". [44] Pada bulan Maret 2009, Buffett dinyatakan dalam sebuah wawancara televisi kabel bahwa ekonomi telah "jatuh dari tebing ... Tidak hanya ekonomi melambat banyak, tetapi orang benar-benar berubah mereka kebiasaan seperti saya belum melihat ". Additionally, Buffett fears we may revisit a 1970s level of inflation, which led to a painful stagflation that lasted many years. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] Selain itu, Buffett rasa takut yang kita dapat kembali tingkat inflasi tahun 1970-an, yang menyebabkan stagflasi menyakitkan yang berlangsung bertahun-tahun. [45] [46]
In 2009, Warren Buffett invested $2.6 billion as a part of Swiss Re 's raising equity capital. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] Berkshire Hathaway already owns a 3% stake, with rights to own more than 20%. [ 49 ] In 2009, Warren Buffett acquired Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corp. for $34 billion in cash and stocks. Alice Schroeder author of Snowball stated that a reason for the purchase was to diversify Berkshire Hathaway from the financial industry. [ 50 ] Measured by market capitalization in the Financial Times Global 500 Berkshire Hathaway as of June 2009 was the eighteenth largest corporation on earth. [ 51 ] . Pada tahun 2009, Warren Buffet menginvestasikan $ 2600000000 sebagai bagian dari Swiss Re . 's ekuitas meningkatkan modal [47] [48] Berkshire Hathaway sudah memiliki% saham 3, dengan hak untuk memiliki lebih dari 20%. [49] 2009 Dalam, Warren Buffett diperoleh Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corp sebesar $ 34 miliar dalam bentuk tunai dan saham. Alice Schroeder penulis Snowball menyatakan bahwa alasan untuk membeli adalah diversifikasi Berkshire Hathaway dari industri keuangan. [50] Diukur dengan kapitalisasi pasar di Financial Times Global 500 Berkshire Hathaway pada Juni 2009 adalah perusahaan terbesar kedelapan belas di bumi. [51] .
In 2009, Buffett divested his failed investment in ConocoPhillips, saying to his Berkshire investors "I bought a large amount of ConocoPhillips stock when oil and gas prices were near their peak. I in no way anticipated the dramatic fall in energy prices that occurred in the last half of the year. I still believe the odds are good that oil sells far higher in the future than the current $40-$50 price. But so far I have been dead wrong. Even if prices should rise, moreover, the terrible timing of my purchase has cost Berkshire several billion dollars". [ 52 ] Pada tahun 2009, Buffett mendivestasi gagal di ConocoPhillips, mengatakan kepada investor nya Berkshire "Aku membeli sejumlah besar saham ConocoPhillips ketika harga minyak dan gas berada di dekat puncak mereka, saya sama sekali tidak. Mengantisipasi jatuhnya harga energi yang terjadi di terakhir setengah tahun. Saya masih percaya kemungkinan yang baik bahwa minyak menjual jauh lebih tinggi di masa depan dari harga $ 40 - $ 50 saat ini. Tapi sejauh ini saya telah keliru. Bahkan jika harga harus naik, apalagi, waktu yang mengerikan saya membeli Berkshire biaya beberapa miliar dolar ". [52]
2009 - Proposed merger with the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway ( BNSF ), to close upon BNSF shareholder approval in 1Q2010. 2009 - Usulan merger dengan Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway ( BNSF ), untuk menutup persetujuan pemegang saham BNSF di 1Q2010. This deal is valued at approximately $34 billion and reflects an increase of a previously existing stake of about 22%. Kesepakatan ini bernilai sekitar $ 34000000000 dan mencerminkan kenaikan saham sebelumnya sudah ada sekitar 22%. 2009 Verisk stock acquisition- before Verisk (ISO [Insurance Services Office]) went public, Buffett owned about 5%. 2009 Verisk akuisisi saham-sebelum Verisk (ISO [Asuransi Jasa Kantor]) go public, Buffett dimiliki sekitar 5%. When Verisk went public in May 2009, Buffett purchased 6% more of Verisk. Ketika Verisk go public pada Mei 2009, Buffett membeli 6% lebih dari Verisk.
In June 2010, Buffett defended the credit rating agencies for their role in the US finicial crisis, claiming that: “Very, very few people could appreciate the bubble. Pada bulan Juni 2010, Buffett membela lembaga pemeringkat kredit untuk peran mereka dalam krisis AS finicial, menyatakan bahwa: "Sangat, sangat sedikit orang bisa menghargai gelembung. That's the nature of bubbles – they're mass delusions." [ 53 ] Itulah sifat gelembung - mereka delusi massal ". [53]
[ edit ] Personal life [ sunting Kehidupan pribadi]
Buffett married Susan Buffett née Thompson in 1952. Buffett menikah Susan Buffett née Thompson pada tahun 1952. They had three children, Susie , Howard , and Peter . Mereka memiliki tiga anak, Susie , Howard , dan Peter . The couple began living separately in 1977, although they remained married until her death in July 2004. Pasangan itu mulai hidup terpisah pada tahun 1977, walaupun mereka tetap menikah sampai kematiannya pada bulan Juli 2004. Their daughter, Susie, lives in Omaha and does charitable work through the Susan A. Buffett Foundation and is a national board member of Girls, Inc. In 2006, on his seventy-sixth birthday, Warren married his never-married longtime-companion, Astrid Menks, who was then sixty years old. Putri mereka, Susie, tinggal di Omaha dan melakukan kerja amal melalui Yayasan Susan A. Buffett dan merupakan anggota dewan nasional Girls, Inc Pada tahun 2006, pada Seventy-sixth ulang tahunnya, Warren menikah lama tidak pernah-menikah-teman, Astrid Menks, yang saat itu enam puluh tahun. She had lived with him since his wife's departure in 1977 to San Francisco. [ 54 ] It was Susan Buffett who arranged for the two to meet before she left Omaha to pursue her singing career. Dia pernah tinggal bersamanya sejak keberangkatan istri di tahun 1977 ke San Francisco. [54] Ini adalah Susan Buffett yang mengatur untuk dua untuk bertemu sebelum dia pergi Omaha untuk mengejar karir bernyanyi. All three were close and holiday cards to friends were signed "Warren, Susie and Astrid". [ 55 ] Susan Buffett briefly discussed this relationship in an interview on the Charlie Rose Show shortly before her death, in a rare glimpse into Buffett's personal life. [ 56 ] Ketiga orang itu dekat dan kartu liburan ke teman ditandatangani "Warren, Susie dan Astrid". [55] Susan Buffett dibahas secara singkat hubungan ini dalam sebuah wawancara di Charlie Rose Show tak lama sebelum kematiannya, dalam suatu pemandangan langka dalam pribadi kehidupan Buffett. [56]
Warren Buffett disowned his son Peter's adopted daughter, Nicole, in 2006 after she participated in the Jamie Johnson documentary, The One Percent . Although his first wife had referred to Nicole as one of her "adored grandchildren", [ 57 ] Buffett wrote her a letter stating, "I have not emotionally or legally adopted you as a grandchild, nor have the rest of my family adopted you as a niece or a cousin." Warren Buffett tidak mengakui Petrus putra angkat putrinya, Nicole, pada tahun 2006 setelah ia berpartisipasi dalam film dokumenter Johnson Jamie, The Persen Satu . Meskipun istri pertamanya menyebut Nicole sebagai salah satu "cucunya dipuja", [57] Buffett menulis padanya surat yang menyatakan, "Aku tidak secara emosional atau secara hukum mengadopsi Anda sebagai seorang cucu, atau memiliki anggota keluarga saya mengadopsi Anda sebagai keponakan atau sepupu." He signed the letter "Warren." [ 58 ] [ 59 ] [ 60 ] Dia menandatangani surat "Warren". [58] [59] [60]
His 2006 annual salary was about $100,000, which is small compared to senior executive remuneration in comparable companies. [ 61 ] In 2007, and 2008, he earned a total compensation of $175,000, which included a base salary of just $100,000. [ 62 ] [ 63 ] He lives in the same house in the central Dundee neighborhood of Omaha that he bought in 1958 for $31,500, today valued at around $700,000 (although he also does have a $4 million house in Laguna Beach, California). [ 64 ] In 1989 after having spent nearly 10 million dollars [ 65 ] of Berkshire's funds on a private jet , Buffett sheepishly named it " The Indefensible ". tahunan Nya 2006 gaji adalah sekitar $ 100.000, yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan senior remunerasi eksekutif di perusahaan sejenis. [61] Pada tahun 2007, dan 2008, ia mendapatkan kompensasi total sebesar $ 175.000, yang termasuk gaji dasar hanya $ 100.000. [62] [ 63] Dia tinggal di rumah yang sama di pusat Dundee sekitar Omaha yang ia beli pada tahun 1958 sebesar $ 31.500, hari ini bernilai sekitar $ 700.000 (meskipun ia juga tidak memiliki 4.000.000 rumah $ di Laguna Beach, California). [64] 1989 Pada setelah menghabiskan hampir 10 juta dolar [65] dari itu dana Berkshire pada jet pribadi , Buffett malu-malu menamakannya "itu" tidak dapat dipertahankan. This act was a break from his past condemnation of extravagant purchases by other CEOs and his history of using more public transportation. [ 66 ] Tindakan ini adalah istirahat dari kutukan masa lalunya pembelian berlebihan oleh para CEO lain dan sejarahnya menggunakan transportasi umum lebih. [66]
He remains an avid player of the card game bridge , which he learned from Sharon Osberg , and plays with her and Bill Gates . [ 67 ] He spends twelve hours a week playing the game. [ 68 ] In 2006, he sponsored a bridge match for the Buffett Cup . Dia tetap merupakan pemain avid dari permainan kartu jembatan , yang ia pelajari dari Sharon Osberg , dan bermain dengan dia dan Bill Gates . [67] Dia menghabiskan dua belas jam seminggu bermain permainan. [68] Pada tahun 2006, ia mensponsori pertandingan jembatan untuk Piala Buffett . Modeled on the Ryder Cup in golf , held immediately before it, and in the same city, a team of twelve bridge players from the United States took on twelve Europeans in the event. Dimodelkan pada Piala Ryder di golf , dilaksanakan segera sebelum, dan di kota yang sama, tim dari dua belas pemain jembatan dari Amerika Serikat mengambil dua belas orang Eropa dalam acara tersebut. He is a dedicated, lifelong follower of Nebraska football , and attends as many games as his schedule permits. Dia adalah seumur hidup, pengikut berdedikasi sepakbola Nebraska , dan menghadiri banyak permainan sebagai izin jadwalnya. He supported the hire of Bo Pelini following the 2007 season stating, "It was getting kind of desperate around here". [ 69 ] He watched the 2009 game against Oklahoma from the Nebraska sideline after being named an honorary assistant coach. [ 70 ] Dia mendukung menyewa dari Bo Pelini mengikuti musim 2007 menyatakan, "Itu adalah mendapatkan semacam putus asa di sini". [69] Dia menonton pertandingan 2009 melawan Oklahoma dari sideline Nebraska setelah asisten pelatih bernama kehormatan. [70]
Warren Buffett worked with Christopher Webber on an animated series with chief Andy Heyward , of DiC Entertainment , and then A Squared Entertainment . Warren Buffett bekerja dengan Christopher Webber pada seri animasi dengan kepala Heyward Andy , dari DIC Hiburan , dan kemudian A Squared Hiburan . The series features Buffett and Munger, and teaches children healthy financial habits for life. [ 71 ] [ 72 ] Buffett was raised Presbyterian but has since described himself as agnostic [ 73 ] when it comes to religious beliefs. seri ini memiliki Buffett dan Munger, dan mengajar anak-anak kebiasaan keuangan yang sehat bagi kehidupan. [71] [72] Buffett dibesarkan Presbyterian tetapi sejak menggambarkan dirinya sebagai agnostik [73] ketika datang ke keyakinan agama. In December 2006 it was reported that Buffett does not carry a cell phone, does not have a computer at his desk, and drives his own automobile, [ 74 ] a Cadillac DTS . [ 75 ] Buffett wears tailor-made suits from the Chinese label Trands ; earlier he wore Ermenegildo Zegna . [ 76 ] Pada bulan Desember 2006 dilaporkan bahwa Buffett tidak pernah membawa ponsel, tidak memiliki komputer di mejanya, dan drive mobil sendiri, [74] sebuah DTS Cadillac . [75] Buffett mengenakan pakaian khusus yang dibuat dari label Cina Trands ; sebelumnya dia mengenakan Ermenegildo Zegna . [76]
[ edit ] Lineage [ sunting ] Silsilah
Buffett's DNA report revealed that his paternal ancestors hail from northern Scandinavia , while his maternal ancestors most likely have roots in Iberia or Estonia . [ 77 ] On his mother's side he is a distant cousin of singer Harry Chapin [ 78 ] Despite widespread suggestions to the contrary, and the casual friendship which has developed between their families, Buffett has no clear relation to the well-known singer Jimmy Buffett . Buffett laporan DNA mengungkapkan bahwa ayah nya nenek moyang berasal dari utara Skandinavia , sementara nenek moyang ibu yang paling mungkin memiliki akar di Iberia atau Estonia . [77] Pada ibu sisi, ia adalah sepupu jauh penyanyi Harry Chapin [78] Meskipun saran luas ke Sebaliknya, dan kasual persahabatan yang telah dikembangkan antara keluarga mereka, Buffett tidak memiliki hubungan yang jelas dengan penyanyi terkenal baik Jimmy Buffett .
[ edit ] Recognition [ sunting ] Pengakuan
In 1999, Buffett was named the top money manager of the twentieth century in a survey by the Carson Group, ahead of Peter Lynch and John Templeton . [ 79 ] In 2007, he was listed among Time' s 100 Most Influential People in the world. [ 80 ] Pada tahun 1999, Buffett bernama pengelola uang atas abad kedua puluh dalam survei oleh Grup Carson, depan Peter Lynch dan John Templeton . [79] Pada tahun 2007, ia terdaftar di antara Sisa 's 100 Orang Paling Berpengaruh di dunia . [80]
[ edit ] Politics [ sunting ] Politik

Buffett and President Obama at the Oval Office, July 14, 2010 Buffett dan Obama Presiden di Kantor Oval, 14 Juli 2010
In addition to other political contributions over the years, Buffett has formally endorsed and made campaign contributions to Barack Obama 's presidential campaign . Selain kontribusi politik lainnya selama bertahun-tahun, Buffett secara resmi mendukung dan memberikan kontribusi untuk kampanye Barack Obama 's kampanye presiden . On July 2, 2008, Buffett attended a $28,500 per plate fundraiser for Obama's campaign in Chicago hosted by Obama's National Finance Chair, Penny Pritzker and her husband, as well as Obama advisor Valerie Jarrett . [ 81 ] Buffett backed Obama for president, and intimated that John McCain 's views on social justice were so far from his own that McCain would need a " lobotomy " for Buffett to change his endorsement. [ 82 ] During the second 2008 US presidential debate , candidates John McCain and Barack Obama, after being asked first by presidential debate mediator Tom Brokaw , both mentioned Buffett as a possible future Secretary of the Treasury . [ 83 ] Later, in the third and final presidential debate, Obama mentioned Buffett as a potential economic advisor. [ 84 ] Buffett was also finance advisor to California Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger during his 2003 election campaign. [ 85 ] Pada tanggal 2 Juli 2008, Buffett menghadiri 28.500 per piring fundraiser $ untuk kampanye Obama di Chicago yang diselenggarakan oleh Obama's National Finance Chair, Penny Pritzker dan suaminya, serta Obama penasihat Valerie Jarrett . [81] Buffett didukung Obama sebagai presiden, dan mengisyaratkan bahwa John McCain s 'pandangan tentang keadilan sosial sangat jauh dari sendiri bahwa McCain akan memerlukan " Lobotomi "untuk Buffet untuk mengubah dukungan nya. [82] Selama kedua debat presiden AS 2008 , kandidat John McCain dan Barack Obama, setelah tanya pertama dengan mediator debat presiden Tom Brokaw , baik disebutkan Buffett sebagai kemungkinan masa depan Menteri Keuangan . [83] Kemudian, di final debat presiden dan ketiga, Obama disebutkan Buffett sebagai penasihat ekonomi potensial. [84] Buffett juga keuangan penasehat California Republik Gubernur Arnold Schwarzenegger selama kampanye pemilu 2003. [85]
[ edit ] Writings [ sunting ] Tulisan
Warren Buffett's writings include his annual reports and various articles. Warren Buffett tulisan termasuk laporan tahunan dan berbagai artikel. Buffett is recognized by communicators [ 86 ] as one of the great story-tellers, as evidenced by his annual letters to shareholders. Buffett diakui oleh komunikator [86] satu sebagai satu-cerita teller besar, seperti yang dibuktikan dengan surat tahunan kepada pemegang saham. He warned about the pernicious effects of inflation: Dia memperingatkan tentang efek merusak inflasi:
“ " The arithmetic makes it plain that inflation is a far more devastating tax than anything that has been enacted by our legislatures. aritmatika yang membuatnya jelas bahwa inflasi adalah pajak jauh lebih dahsyat dari apa yang telah ditetapkan oleh badan legislatif kita. The inflation tax has a fantastic ability to simply consume capital. Pajak inflasi memiliki kemampuan yang fantastis untuk hanya mengkonsumsi modal. It makes no difference to a widow with her savings in a 5 percent passbook account whether she pays 100 percent income tax on her interest income during a period of zero inflation, or pays no income taxes during years of 5 percent inflation. [ 87 ] Ini tidak ada bedanya seorang janda dengan tabungannya di rekening buku tabungan 5 persen apakah dia membayar 100 persen pajak penghasilan atas pendapatan bunga nya selama periode inflasi nol, atau tidak membayar pajak penghasilan selama tahun inflasi sebesar 5 persen. [87]
” "
In his article The Superinvestors of Graham-and-Doddsville , Buffett refuted the academic Efficient-market hypothesis , that beating the S&P 500 was "pure chance", by highlighting a number of students of the Graham and Dodd value investing school of thought. Dalam artikelnya The Superinvestors dari Graham-dan-Doddsville , Buffett membantah akademik -pasar hipotesis Efisien , yang mengalahkan S & P 500 adalah "kebetulan", dengan menggarisbawahi sejumlah mahasiswa dari Graham dan nilai Dodd investasi sekolah pemikiran. In addition to himself, Buffett named Walter J. Schloss , Tom Knapp, Ed Anderson (Tweedy, Brown Inc.), Bill Ruane (Sequoia Fund, Inc.), Charles Munger (Buffett's own business partner at Berkshire), Rick Guerin (Pacific Partners, Ltd.), and Stan Perlmeter (Perlmeter Investments). [ 88 ] In his November, 1999 Fortune article, he warned of investors' unrealistic expectations: Selain dirinya, Buffett bernama Walter J. Schloss , Tom Knapp, Ed Anderson (Tweedy, Brown Inc), Bill Ruane (Sequoia Fund, Inc), Charles Munger (sendiri Buffett mitra bisnis di Berkshire), Rick Guerin (Pasifik Mitra, Ltd), dan Stan Perlmeter (Perlmeter Investasi). [88] Dalam karyanya November, 1999 Fortune artikel, ia memperingatkan harapan realistis 'investor:
“ " Let me summarize what I've been saying about the stock market: I think it's very hard to come up with a persuasive case that equities will over the next 17 years perform anything like--anything like--they've performed in the past 17. Mari saya meringkas apa yang telah saya katakan tentang pasar saham: Saya pikir sangat sulit untuk datang dengan kasus persuasif bahwa ekuitas akan selama 17 tahun berikutnya melakukan sesuatu seperti - sesuatu seperti - they've dilakukan di masa lalu 17. If I had to pick the most probable return, from appreciation and dividends combined, that investors in aggregate--repeat, aggregate--would earn in a world of constant interest rates, 2% inflation, and those ever hurtful frictional costs, it would be 6%. [ 89 ] Jika saya harus memilih kembali paling mungkin, dari penghargaan dan dividen gabungan, bahwa investor dalam agregat - ulangi, agregat - akan dapat di dunia suku bunga konstan, 2 inflasi%, dan biaya-biaya gesekan pernah menyakitkan, akan menjadi 6%. [89]
” "
[ edit ] Wealth [ sunting ] Kekayaan
In 2008 he was ranked by Forbes as the richest person in the world with an estimated net worth of approximately US$62 billion . [ 90 ] In 2009, after donating billions of dollars to charity, Buffett was ranked as the second richest man in the United States with a net worth of US$37 billion [ 91 ] [ 92 ] with only Bill Gates ranked higher than Buffett. Pada tahun 2008 ia menduduki peringkat oleh Forbes sebagai orang terkaya di dunia dengan estimasi kekayaan bersih sekitar US $ 62 miliar . [90] Pada tahun 2009, setelah menyumbangkan miliaran dolar untuk amal, Buffett peringkat sebagai orang terkaya kedua di Amerika Amerika dengan kekayaan bersih US $ 37000000000 [91] [92] dengan hanya Bill Gates peringkat lebih tinggi dari Buffett. His net worth is up to $47 billion in past 12 months. [ 93 ] Nya adalah kekayaan bersih sampai dengan $ 47000000000 di masa lalu 12 bulan. [93]
[ edit ] Philanthropy [ sunting ] Filantropi
The following quotation from 1988 highlights Warren Buffett's thoughts on his wealth and why he long planned to re-allocate it: Kutipan berikut dari tahun 1988 Warren Buffett menyoroti pikiran tentang kekayaan dan mengapa ia lama berencana untuk mengalokasikan kembali itu:
“ " I don't have a problem with guilt about money. Saya tidak memiliki masalah dengan rasa bersalah tentang uang. The way I see it is that my money represents an enormous number of claim checks on society. Cara yang saya lihat adalah bahwa uang saya mewakili sejumlah besar cek klaim pada masyarakat. It's like I have these little pieces of paper that I can turn into consumption. Ini seperti saya ini potongan-potongan kecil kertas yang aku bisa berubah menjadi konsumsi. If I wanted to, I could hire 10,000 people to do nothing but paint my picture every day for the rest of my life. Jika aku mau, aku bisa mempekerjakan 10.000 orang untuk melakukan apa-apa tapi cat gambar saya setiap hari selama sisa hidupku. And the GDP would go up. Dan PDB akan naik. But the utility of the product would be zilch, and I would be keeping those 10,000 people from doing AIDS research, or teaching, or nursing. Tetapi utilitas produk akan nihil, dan aku akan menyimpan orang dari 10.000 orang melakukan penelitian AIDS, atau pengajaran, atau menyusui. I don't do that though. Aku tidak melakukan itu meskipun. I don't use very many of those claim checks. Saya tidak menggunakan sangat banyak dari mereka cek klaim. There's nothing material I want very much. Tidak ada bahan aku sangat ingin. And I'm going to give virtually all of those claim checks to charity when my wife and I die. Dan aku akan memberikan hampir semua dari mereka cek klaim untuk amal ketika istri saya dan saya mati. (Lowe 1997:165–166) (Lowe 1997:165-166) ” "
From a NY Times article: "I don't believe in dynastic wealth", Warren Buffett said, calling those who grow up in wealthy circumstances "members of the lucky sperm club". [ 94 ] Buffett has written several times of his belief that, in a market economy, the rich earn outsized rewards for their talents: Dari sebuah artikel NY Times: "Saya tidak percaya pada kekayaan dinasti", Warren Buffett berkata, memanggil orang-orang yang tumbuh dalam keadaan kaya "anggota klub sperma beruntung". [94] Buffett telah menulis beberapa kali dari keyakinannya bahwa , dalam ekonomi pasar, orang kaya mendapatkan hadiah outsized untuk bakat mereka:
“ " A market economy creates some lopsided payoffs to participants. Sebuah ekonomi pasar membuat beberapa hadiah kepada peserta yang miring. The right endowment of vocal chords, anatomical structure, physical strength, or mental powers can produce enormous piles of claim checks (stocks, bonds, and other forms of capital) on future national output. The endowmen kanan pita suara, struktur anatomi, kekuatan fisik, atau kekuatan mental dapat menghasilkan tumpukan cek klaim besar (saham, obligasi, dan bentuk-bentuk modal) terhadap output nasional di masa depan. Proper selection of ancestors similarly can result in lifetime supplies of such tickets upon birth. pilihan yang tepat dari nenek moyang yang sama dapat mengakibatkan persediaan masa tiket tersebut setelah kelahiran. If zero real investment returns diverted a bit greater portion of the national output from such stockholders to equally worthy and hardworking citizens lacking jackpot-producing talents, it would seem unlikely to pose such an insult to an equitable world as to risk Divine Intervention. [ 95 ] Jika nol investasi riil kembali dialihkan yang lebih besar sedikit bagian output nasional dari pemegang saham tersebut layak dan bekerja keras warga kurang-sama memproduksi bakat jackpot, tampaknya tidak mungkin untuk berpose seperti sebuah penghinaan untuk sebuah dunia yang adil untuk risiko Intervensi Ilahi. [95 ]
” "
His children will not inherit a significant proportion of his wealth. Anak-anaknya tidak akan mendapat proporsi yang signifikan dari kekayaannya. These actions are consistent with statements he has made in the past indicating his opposition to the transfer of great fortunes from one generation to the next. [ 96 ] Buffett once commented, "I want to give my kids just enough so that they would feel that they could do anything, but not so much that they would feel like doing nothing". [ 97 ] Tindakan ini konsisten dengan pernyataan ia telah dibuat di masa lalu menunjukkan penentangannya terhadap transfer kekayaan besar dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya. [96] Buffett pernah berkomentar, "Aku ingin memberikan anak-anak saya cukup sehingga mereka akan merasa bahwa mereka bisa melakukan apa saja, tapi tidak terlalu banyak sehingga mereka akan merasa seperti melakukan apa-apa ". [97]
In June 2006, he announced a plan to give away his fortune to charity, with 83% of it going to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . [ 98 ] He pledged about the equivalent of 10 million Berkshire Hathaway Class B shares to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (worth approximately US$30.7 billion as of 23 June 2006), [ 99 ] making it the largest charitable donation in history, and Buffett one of the leaders in the philanthrocapitalism revolution. [ 100 ] The foundation will receive 5% of the total donation on an annualised basis each July, beginning in 2006. Pada bulan Juni 2006, ia mengumumkan rencana untuk memberikan kekayaannya untuk amal, dengan 83% dari itu pergi ke Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . [98] Dia berjanji tentang setara 10 juta Berkshire Hathaway saham Kelas B ke Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (senilai sekitar US $ 30700000000 pada 23 Juni 2006), [99] membuat sumbangan amal terbesar dalam sejarah, dan Buffett salah satu pemimpin dalam philanthrocapitalism revolusi. [100] Yayasan ini akan menerima 5% dari Total donasi secara tahunan setiap bulan Juli, dimulai pada tahun 2006. (Significantly, however, the pledge is conditional upon the foundation's giving away each year, beginning in 2009, an amount that is at least equal to the value of the entire previous year's gift from Buffett, in addition to 5% of the foundation's net assets.) Buffett also will join the board of directors of the Gates Foundation, although he does not plan to be actively involved in the foundation's investments. [ 101 ] [ 102 ] [ citation needed ] (Penting, Namun, janji ini tergantung yayasan itu memberikan tiap tahunnya, dimulai pada tahun 2009, jumlah yang setidaknya sama dengan nilai hadiah tahun sebelumnya seluruh dari Buffett, di samping 5% dari aktiva bersih yayasan Buffett.) juga akan bergabung dengan dewan direksi dari Gates Foundation, meskipun dia tidak berencana untuk secara aktif terlibat dalam yayasan investasi. [101] [102] [ rujukan? ]
This is a significant shift from previous statements Buffett has made, having stated that most of his fortune would pass to his Buffett Foundation . [ 103 ] The bulk of the estate of his wife, valued at $2.6 billion, went to that foundation when she died in 2004. [ 104 ] He also pledged $50-million to the Nuclear Threat Initiative , in Washington, where he has served as an adviser since 2002. [ 105 ] Ini merupakan perubahan yang signifikan dari laporan sebelumnya Buffett telah dibuat, setelah menyatakan bahwa sebagian besar kekayaannya akan lolos ke nya Buffett Foundation . [103] Sebagian besar harta istrinya, senilai $ 2600000000, pergi ke bahwa yayasan ketika dia meninggal pada tahun 2004. [104] Dia juga menjanjikan $ 50 juta kepada Inisiatif Ancaman Nuklir , di Washington, di mana ia menjabat sebagai penasihat sejak tahun 2002. [105]
In 2006, he auctioned his 2001 Lincoln Town Car [ 106 ] on eBay to raise money for Girls, Inc. [ 107 ] In 2007, he auctioned a luncheon with himself that raised a final bid of $650,100 for a charity. [ 108 ] On 27 June 2008, Zhao Danyang, a general manager at Pure Heart China Growth Investment Fund, won the 2008 5-day online "Power Lunch with Warren Buffett" charity auction with a bid of $2,110,100. Pada tahun 2006, ia dilelang nya 2001 Lincoln Town Car [106] di eBay untuk mengumpulkan uang untuk Girls, Inc [107] Pada tahun 2007, ia dilelang makan siang dengan dirinya sendiri yang mengangkat tawaran akhir dari $ 650.100 untuk amal. [108] Pada 27 Juni 2008 Zhao Danyang, seorang manajer umum di Pure Heart China Growth Investment Fund, memenangkan 5 hari online 2008 "Power Lunch dengan Warren Buffett" amal lelang dengan tawaran $ 2.110.100. Auction proceeds benefit the San Francisco Glide Foundation . [ 109 ] [ 110 ] The following year, executives from Toronto -based Salida Capital paid US$1.68 million to dine with Buffett. [ 111 ] Hasil Lelang manfaat San Francisco Glide Foundation . [109] [110] Pada tahun berikutnya, eksekutif dari Toronto berbasis Modal Salida dibayar US $ 1.680.000 untuk makan dengan Buffett. [111]

In a letter to Fortune Magazine's website in 2010 Buffett remarked: Dalam sebuah surat kepada situs Majalah Fortune pada tahun 2010 Buffett berkomentar:
“ " “My luck was accentuated by my living in a market system that sometimes produces distorted results, though overall it serves our country well... "Semoga saya ditekankan dengan hidup saya dalam suatu sistem pasar yang kadang-kadang menghasilkan hasil yang menyimpang, meskipun secara keseluruhan melayani negara kita dengan baik ... I've worked in an economy that rewards someone who saves the lives of others on a battlefield with a medal, rewards a great teacher with thank-you notes from parents, but rewards those who can detect the mispricing of securities with sums reaching into the billions. Saya telah bekerja di sebuah perekonomian yang memberikan penghargaan seseorang yang menyelamatkan kehidupan orang lain di medan tempur dengan medali, hadiah seorang guru besar dengan ucapan terima kasih dari orangtua, tetapi ganjaran mereka yang bisa mendeteksi mispricing efek dengan jumlah mencapai ke miliar. In short, fate's distribution of long straws is wildly capricious.” Singkatnya, distribusi nasib sedotan panjang adalah liar berubah-ubah. "
. . (Buffett Says 'Capricious' Economy Requires Charity (Update1) by Hugh Son, Bloomberg, June 16, 2010 16:17 EDT) (Buffett Says 'berubah-ubah' Ekonomi Membutuhkan Amal (Update1) oleh Hugh Anak, Bloomberg, 16 Jun 2010 16:17 EDT) ” "
This statement was made as part of a joint proposal with Bill Gates to encourage other wealthy individuals to pool some of their fortunes for charitable purposes. Pernyataan ini dibuat sebagai bagian dari proposal bersama dengan Bill Gates untuk mendorong orang kaya lainnya untuk menyatukan beberapa harta mereka untuk tujuan amal.
[ edit ] Public positions [ sunting ] posisi Publik
Buffett's speeches are known for mixing business discussions with humor. pidato Buffett dikenal untuk diskusi bisnis pencampuran dengan humor. Each year, Buffett presides over Berkshire Hathaway's annual shareholder meeting in the Qwest Center in Omaha , Nebraska , an event drawing over 20,000 visitors from both United States and abroad, giving it the nickname "Woodstock of Capitalism". [ 112 ] Berkshire's annual reports and letters to shareholders, prepared by Buffett, frequently receive coverage by the financial media. Setiap tahun, Buffett memimpin tahunan pemegang saham rapat Hathaway Berkshire di Pusat Qwest di Omaha , Nebraska , sebuah gambar peristiwa lebih dari 20.000 pengunjung dari kedua Amerika Serikat dan luar negeri, memberikan julukan "Woodstock Kapitalisme". [112] laporan tahunan's Berkshire dan surat kepada pemegang saham, yang disiapkan oleh Buffett, yang sering mendapat liputan oleh media keuangan. Buffett's writings are known for containing literary quotes ranging from the Bible to Mae West , [ 113 ] as well as Midwestern advice, and numerous jokes. tulisan-tulisan Buffett yang dikenal mengandung kutipan sastra mulai dari Alkitab untuk Mae West , [113] serta saran Midwestern, dan berbagai lelucon.
[ edit ] Buffett and tobacco [ sunting ] Buffett dan tembakau
During the RJR Nabisco , Inc. hostile takeover fight in 1987, Buffett was quoted as telling John Gutfreund: Selama RJR Nabisco , Inc bermusuhan melawan pengambilalihan pada tahun 1987, Buffett seperti dikutip John Gutfreund:
“ " I'll tell you why I like the cigarette business. Aku akan memberitahu Anda mengapa saya seperti bisnis rokok. It costs a penny to make. Ini biaya sepeser pun untuk membuat. Sell it for a dollar. Menjualnya untuk satu dolar. It's addictive. It's addictive. And there's fantastic brand loyalty. [ 114 ] Dan ada loyalitas merek yang fantastis. [114]
” "
Speaking at Berkshire Hathaway Inc.'s 1994 annual meeting, Buffett said investments in tobacco are: Berbicara di Berkshire Hathaway Inc 's pertemuan tahunan 1994, Buffett mengatakan investasi di tembakau adalah:
“ " fraught with questions that relate to societal attitudes and those of the present administration. penuh dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan sikap masyarakat dan orang-orang pemerintahan sekarang. I would not like to have a significant percentage of my net worth invested in tobacco businesses. Saya tidak ingin memiliki persentase yang signifikan dari nilai bersih saya diinvestasikan dalam bisnis tembakau. The economy of the business may be fine, but that doesn't mean it has a bright future. [ 115 ] Ekonomi bisnis mungkin baik, tetapi itu tidak berarti ia memiliki masa depan yang cerah. [115]
” "
[ edit ] Buffett and coal [ sunting ] Buffett dan batubara
In 2007, Buffett's PacifiCorp , a subsidiary of his MidAmerican Energy Company , canceled six proposed coal-fired power plants. Pada tahun 2007, Buffett PacifiCorp , anak perusahaan-nya MidAmerican Energy Company , batal enam batubara pembangkit listrik yang diusulkan. These included Utah's Intermountain Power Project Unit 3, Jim Bridger Unit 5, and four proposed plants previously included in PacifiCorp's Integrated Resource Plan. Ini termasuk Utah Intermountain Proyek Power Unit 3, Jim Bridger Unit 5, dan empat pabrik yang diusulkan sebelumnya termasuk dalam PacifiCorp's Terpadu Sumber Daya Rencana. The cancellations came in the wake of pressure from regulators and citizen groups, including a petition drive organized by Salt Lake City commercial real estate broker Alexander Lofft and directed at Buffett personally. Pembatalan datang setelah tekanan dari regulator dan kelompok masyarakat, termasuk drive petisi yang diselenggarakan oleh Salt Lake City broker real estat komersial Alexander Lofft dan diarahkan pada Buffett pribadi. The 1,600 petitioners, who described themselves in a letter to Buffett as "a collection of citizens, business owners and managers, service professionals, public servants, and organization representatives ... your friends and new customers here in Utah," explained that, in their view, any further expansion of coal generation in Utah would "compromise our health, obscure our viewsheds, shrink and contaminate our watersheds, and thin out our most beloved snow pack," concluding that "our attractiveness as a place to live and work is also threatened, and so is our economic competitiveness as a major metro area and a state, compromising our recent gains in income and property values". [ 116 ] Para 1.600 Pemohon, yang menganggap diri mereka dalam sebuah surat kepada Buffett sebagai "koleksi warga, pemilik bisnis dan manajer, layanan profesional, pegawai negeri, dan perwakilan organisasi ... teman-teman Anda dan pelanggan baru di sini di Utah," menjelaskan bahwa, dalam pandangan mereka, setiap pengembangan lebih lanjut dari generasi batubara di Utah akan "kompromi kesehatan kita, mengaburkan viewsheds kami, menyusut dan mencemari daerah aliran sungai kita, dan kurus keluar pak salju paling dicintai kita," menyimpulkan bahwa "daya tarik kami sebagai tempat untuk tinggal dan bekerja adalah juga terancam, dan begitu juga daya saing ekonomi kita sebagai daerah metro besar dan negara, baru-baru ini kami mengurangi keuntungan pendapatan dan nilai properti ". [116]
[ edit ] Klamath river [ sunting ] sungai Klamath
American Indian tribes and salmon fisherman sought to win support from Warren Buffett for a proposal to remove four hydroelectric dams from the Klamath River . suku-suku Indian Amerika dan nelayan ikan salmon berusaha mendapatkan dukungan dari Warren Buffett untuk proposal untuk menghapus empat bendungan listrik tenaga air dari Sungai Klamath . He had David Sokol respond that the FERC would decide the question. [ 117 ] [ 118 ] Dia telah David Sokol menanggapi bahwa FERC akan memutuskan pertanyaan itu. [117] [118]
[ edit ] Trade deficit [ sunting ] defisit Perdagangan
Buffett views the United States' expanding trade deficit as a trend that will devalue the US dollar and US assets. Buffett dilihat Serikat Serikat mengembangkan defisit perdagangan sebagai tren yang akan mendevaluasi dolar AS dan aset AS. He believes that the US dollar will lose value in the long run, as a result of putting a larger portion of ownership of US assets in the hands of foreigners. Ia percaya bahwa dolar AS akan kehilangan nilai dalam jangka panjang, sebagai akibat dari meletakkan porsi yang lebih besar dari kepemilikan aset AS di tangan asing. In his letter to shareholders in March, 2005, Warren Buffett predicted that in another ten years' time the net ownership of the US by outsiders would amount to $11 trillion . Dalam suratnya kepada pemegang saham Maret 2005, Warren Buffett meramalkan bahwa dalam sepuluh tahun lain waktu kepemilikan bersih dari US oleh pihak luar akan sebesar $ 11 triliun .
Americans ... Amerika ... would chafe at the idea of perpetually paying tribute to their creditors and owners abroad. akan radang pada gagasan terus-menerus membayar upeti kepada kreditur dan pemilik di luar negeri. A country that is now aspiring to an ' ownership society ' will not find happiness in — and I'll use hyperbole here for emphasis — a ' sharecropping society '. Sebuah negara yang sekarang bercita-cita untuk sebuah ' masyarakat kepemilikan 'tidak akan menemukan kebahagiaan dalam - dan aku akan menggunakan hiperbola di sini untuk penekanan - a' masyarakat bagi hasil '.
Author Ann Pettifor has adopted the image in her writings and has stated: "He is right. And so the thing we must fear most now, is not just the collapse of banks and investment funds, or of the international financial architecture, but of a 'sharecropper society, angry at its downfall". [ 119 ] Penulis Ann Pettifor telah mengadopsi foto dalam tulisan-tulisannya dan telah menyatakan: "Dia sekarang. Dan jadi hal yang harus kita takut kebanyakan, tidak hanya keruntuhan bank dan dana investasi, atau arsitektur keuangan internasional, tetapi dari 'petani bagi-hasil masyarakat, marah pada kejatuhannya ". [119]
[ edit ] Dollar and gold [ sunting Dolar] dan emas
This induced Buffett to enter the foreign currency market for the first time in 2002. Hal ini disebabkan Buffett untuk memasuki pasar mata uang asing untuk pertama kalinya pada tahun 2002. However, he substantially reduced his stake in 2005 as changing interest rates increased the costs of holding currency contracts. Namun, ia secara substansial mengurangi saham pada tahun 2005 sebagai perubahan suku bunga meningkatkan biaya dari memegang kontrak mata uang. Buffett continues to be bearish on the dollar, and says he is looking to make acquisitions of companies which derive a substantial portion of their revenues from outside the United States. Buffett terus menjadi bearish pada dolar, dan mengatakan dia ingin membuat akuisisi perusahaan yang sebagian besar berasal dari pendapatan mereka dari luar Amerika Serikat. Buffett emphasized the non-productive aspect of a gold standard for the USD in 1998 at Harvard : Buffett menekankan aspek non-produktif dari standar emas untuk USD pada tahun 1998 di Harvard :
It gets dug out of the ground in Africa, or someplace. Ia mendapat digali dari tanah di Afrika, atau tempat lain. Then we melt it down, dig another hole, bury it again and pay people to stand around guarding it. Lalu kami meleleh ke bawah, menggali lubang lain, mengubur lagi dan membayar orang untuk berdiri di sekitar menjaganya. It has no utility. Memiliki utilitas tidak. Anyone watching from Mars would be scratching their head. Siapa saja menonton dari Mars akan menggaruk-garuk kepala mereka.
In 1977 Buffett was also quoted as saying about stocks, gold, farmland, and inflation: Pada tahun 1977 Buffett juga dikutip mengatakan tentang saham, emas, lahan pertanian, dan inflasi:
|stocks are probably still the best of all the poor alternatives in an era of inflation — at least they are if you buy in at appropriate prices. [ 120 ] saham | mungkin masih yang terbaik dari semua alternatif yang miskin di era inflasi - setidaknya mereka adalah jika Anda membeli di harga yang sesuai. [120]
[ edit ] Taxes [ sunting Pajak]
Buffett stated that he only paid 19% of his income for 2006 ($48.1 million) in total federal taxes (due to their being from dividends & capital gains), while his employees paid 33% of theirs, despite making much less money. [ 121 ] On the other hand in 2008 Berkshire Hathaway paid $1.9 billion in federal corporate income taxes on $7.5 billion in earnings (more than 26% in federal taxes alone). [ 122 ] Buffett favors the inheritance tax , saying that repealing it would be like "choosing the 2020 Olympic team by picking the eldest sons of the gold-medal winners in the 2000 Olympics ". [ 123 ] In 2007, Buffett testified before the Senate and urged them to preserve the estate tax so as to avoid a plutocracy . [ 124 ] Some critics have argued that Buffett (through Berkshire Hathaway) has a personal interest in the continuation of the estate tax, since Berkshire Hathaway has benefited from the estate tax in past business dealings and had developed and marketed insurance policies to protect policy holders against future estate tax payments. [ 125 ] Buffett believes government should not be in the business of gambling, or legalizing casinos, calling it a tax on ignorance. [ 126 ] Buffett menyatakan bahwa ia hanya dibayar 19% dari pendapatannya untuk tahun 2006 ($ 48.100.000) dalam pajak federal total (karena mereka yang dari dividen & capital gain), sementara karyawannya dibayar 33% dari mereka, meskipun membuat lebih banyak uang. [121 ] Di sisi lain pada tahun 2008 Berkshire Hathaway dibayar $ 1,9 miliar pada federal pajak penghasilan badan pada $ 7,5 miliar dalam laba (lebih dari 26% untuk pajak federal saja). [122] Buffett menguntungkan pajak warisan , mengatakan bahwa membatalkan rasanya " memilih tim Olimpiade 2020 dengan memilih putra sulung dari orang-medali pemenang emas di Olimpiade 2000 ". [123] Pada tahun 2007, Buffett bersaksi di hadapan Senat dan mendesak mereka untuk melestarikan pajak real sehingga untuk menghindari plutokrasi . [124 ] Beberapa kritikus berpendapat bahwa Buffett (melalui Berkshire Hathaway) memiliki kepentingan pribadi dalam kelanjutan dari pajak real, sejak Berkshire Hathaway telah memetik manfaat dari pajak real dalam berbisnis masa lalu dan telah dikembangkan dan dipasarkan polis asuransi untuk melindungi pemegang polis terhadap masa depan pembayaran pajak real. [125] Buffett berpendapat pemerintah tidak harus dalam usaha perjudian, atau legalisasi kasino, menyebutnya sebagai pajak atas kebodohan. [126]
[ edit ] Expensing of stock options [ sunting ] pengeluaran opsi saham
He has been a strong proponent of stock option expensing , on the Income Statement. Dia telah menjadi pendukung kuat dari opsi pengeluaran saham , pada Laporan Laba Rugi. At the 2004 annual meeting, he lambasted a bill before the United States Congress that would consider only some company-issued stock options compensation as an expense, likening the bill to one that was almost passed by the Indiana House of Representatives to change the value of Pi from 3.14159 to 3.2 through legislative fiat. [ 127 ] Pada pertemuan tahunan 2004, ia mengecam tagihan sebelum Kongres Amerika Serikat akan mempertimbangkan bahwa hanya beberapa-kompensasi opsi saham yang dikeluarkan perusahaan sebagai beban, likening tagihan untuk satu yang hampir disahkan oleh Indiana House of Representatives untuk mengubah nilai Pi 3,14159-3,2 melalui fiat legislatif. [127]
When a company gives something of value to its employees in return for their services, it is clearly a compensation expense. Ketika sebuah perusahaan memberikan sesuatu yang berharga kepada karyawan dengan imbalan jasa mereka, jelas merupakan beban kompensasi. And if expenses don't belong in the earnings statement, where in the world do they belong? [ 128 ] Dan jika biaya tidak termasuk dalam laporan laba, di mana di dunia yang mereka milik? [128]
[ edit ] Investing in China [ sunting ] Investasi di Cina
Buffett invested in PetroChina Company Limited and in a rare move, posted a commentary [ 129 ] on Berkshire Hathaway's website stating why he would not divest from the company despite calls from some activists to do so, due to its connection with the Sudanese civil war that caused Harvard to divest from the company in 2005. Buffett berinvestasi di PetroChina Company Limited dan langkah langka, diposting sebuah komentar [129] di website menyatakan mengapa Berkshire Hathaway, ia tidak akan melakukan divestasi dari perusahaan meskipun panggilan dari beberapa aktivis untuk melakukannya, karena hubungannya dengan perang sipil Sudan yang disebabkan Harvard untuk melakukan divestasi dari perusahaan di tahun 2005. He did, however, sell this stake soon afterwards, sparing him the billions of dollars he would have lost had he held on to the company in the midst of the steep drop in oil prices beginning in the summer of 2008. Dia, bagaimanapun, menjual saham ini segera setelah itu, hemat dia miliaran dolar ia akan kehilangan dia memegang perusahaan di tengah-tengah penurunan tajam harga minyak dimulai pada musim panas 2008.
In October 2008, Buffett invested in new energy automobile business by paying $230 million for 10% of BYD Company ( SEHK : 1211 ), which runs a subsidiary of electric automobile manufacturer BYD Auto . Pada bulan Oktober 2008, Buffett diinvestasikan dalam bisnis mobil energi baru dengan membayar $ 230.000.000 untuk 10% dari BYD Perusahaan ( SEHK : 1211 ), yang menjalankan sebuah anak perusahaan dari produsen listrik mobil BYD Auto . In less than one year, the investment has reaped him over 500% return of profit. [ 130 ] Dalam waktu kurang dari satu tahun, investasi tersebut telah menuai dia ke kembali 500% keuntungan. [130]
[ edit ] Books about Buffett [ sunting Buku] tentang Buffett
Numerous books have been written about Warren Buffett and his investment strategies. Banyak buku telah ditulis tentang Warren Buffett dan strategi investasinya. In October 2008, USA Today reported that there were at least 47 books in print with Buffett's name in the title. Pada bulan Oktober 2008, USA Today melaporkan bahwa setidaknya ada 47 buku di cetak dengan nama Buffett dalam judul. The article quoted the CEO of Borders Books , George Jones, as saying that the only other living persons named in as many book titles were US presidents, major world political figures, and the Dalai Lama . [ 131 ] Buffett said that his own personal favorite is a collection of his essays called The Essays of Warren Buffett , [ 132 ] which he described as "a coherent rearrangement of ideas from my annual report letters" as edited by Larry Cunningham . [ 131 ] Artikel itu mengutip CEO Borders Buku , George Jones, mengatakan bahwa hanya orang lain yang tinggal nama sebagai judul buku banyak presiden AS, dunia politik tokoh utama, dan Dalai Lama . [131] Buffett mengatakan bahwa pribadi sendiri favoritnya adalah kumpulan esainya berjudul The Essays of Warren Buffett, [132] yang digambarkan sebagai "penyusunan kembali koheren ide dari laporan tahunan surat-surat saya" sebagai disunting oleh Larry Cunningham . [131]
Some best-selling, or otherwise notable, books about Buffett: Beberapa penjualan-terbaik, atau terkenal, buku-buku tentang Buffett:
• Roger Lowenstein, Buffett, Making of an American Capitalist Roger Lowenstein, Buffett, Pembuatan seorang kapitalis Amerika
• Robert Hagstrom, The Warren Buffett Way . [ 133 ] [ 131 ] Robert Hagstrom, The Warren Buffett Way . [133] [131]
• Alice Schroeder , The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life . [ 134 ] (Written with Buffett's cooperation.) [ 135 ] Alice Schroeder , The Snowball: Warren Buffett dan Usaha Kehidupan . [134] (Ditulis dengan itu kerjasama Buffett.) [135]
• Mary Buffett and David Clark, Buffettology [ 136 ] and four subsequent books. Mary Buffett dan David Clark, Buffettology [136] dan empat buku berikutnya. (Combined sales of more than 1.5 million copies.) [ 131 ] (Gabungan penjualan lebih dari 1,5 juta eksemplar.) [131]
• Janet Lowe , Warren Buffett Speaks: Wit and Wisdom from the World's Greatest Investor . [ 137 ] Janet Lowe , Warren Buffett Speaks: Wit dan Kebijaksanaan dari World's Greatest Investor. [137]
• John Train , The Midas Touch: The Strategies That Have Made Warren Buffett 'America's Preeminent Investor'. [ 138 ] John Train , The Midas Touch: Strategi Itu Memiliki Warren Buffett Made 'unggul Investor America'. [138]
• Andrew Kilpatrick, Of Permanent Value: The Story of Warren Buffett . [ 139 ] (The longest of the books about Buffett, with 330 chapters, 1,874 pages and 1,400 photos, weighing 10.2 pounds.) [ 131 ] Andrew Kilpatrick, Of Permanent Value: The Story of Warren Buffett. [139] (yang terpanjang dari buku tentang Buffet, dengan 330 bab, 1.874 halaman dan 1.400 foto, beratnya £ 10,2.) [131]
• Warren Buffett, Lawrence Cunningham (editor), The Essays of Warren Buffett . [ 140 ] (A rearrangement of the Chairman's letters by topic.) Warren Buffett, Lawrence Cunningham (editor), The Essays of Warren Buffett. [140] (A penataan Ketua surat dengan topik.)
• John P. Reese , "The Guru Investor: How to Beat the Market Using History's Best Investment Strategies". [ 141 ] (Includes step-by-step stock-picking method based on Buffett's approach) John P. Reese , "Investor Guru: Bagaimana untuk Mengalahkan Pasar Menggunakan Strategi Investasi Terbaik Sejarah". [141] (Termasuk langkah-demi-langkah-metode memetik saham berdasarkan pendekatan Buffett's)
• Janet M. Tavakoli , Dear Mr. Buffett: what an investor learns 1,269 miles from Wall Street , John Wiley and Sons, 2008, ISBN 9780470406786 [ 142 ] Janet M. Tavakoli , Dear Mr Buffett: apa investor belajar 1.269 mil dari Wall Street , John Wiley and Sons 2008,, ISBN 9780470406786 [142]
[ edit ] Bibliography [ sunting ] Bibliografi
• The Essays of Warren Buffett : Lessons for Corporate America , Warren Buffett and Lawrence A. Cunningham, The Cunningham Group; revised edition (April 11, 2001), ISBN 978-0966446111 The Essays of Warren Buffett: Pelajaran bagi Perusahaan Amerika, Warren Buffett dan Lawrence A. Cunningham, Grup Cunningham; edisi revisi (April 11, 2001), ISBN 978-0966446111
• The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America, Second Edition , Warren E. Buffett and Lawrence A. Cunningham, The Cunningham Group; 2nd edition (April 14, 2008), ISBN 978-0966446128 The Essays of Warren Buffett: Pelajaran bagi Corporate America, Second Edition, Warren E. Buffett dan Lawrence A. Cunningham, Grup Cunningham; 2nd edition (April 14, 2008), ISBN 978-0966446128
[ edit ] See also [ sunting ] Lihat pula
• Forbes list of billionaires Forbes daftar milyarder
[ edit ] References [ sunting ] Referensi
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17. ^ Hagstrom 2005 , p. 27 ^ Hagstrom 2005 , hal 27
18. ^ Hagstrom 2005 , p. 14 Warren Buffett is now the richest man in the world with $65 billion . ^ Hagstrom 2005 , hal 14 Warren Buffett sekarang menjadi orang terkaya di dunia dengan $ 65 miliar . GE Raises $15 billion ; Buffett Gets Preferred Stake (Update3) GE Meningkatkan $ 15 miliar ; Buffett Gets dipilih Stake (Update3)
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41. ^ "#2 Warren Buffett - The World's Billionaires 2009" . ^ "# 2 Warren Buffett - World's Billionaires The 2009" . Forbes.com. Forbes.com. 2009-02-13 . http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Warren-Buffett_C0R3.html . 2009/02/13. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Warren-Buffett_C0R3.html . Retrieved 2010-05-23 . Diperoleh 2010/05/23.
42. ^ Warren Buffett to buy $3bn of General Electric preferred stock , The Guardian (1 October 2008) ^ Warren Buffett untuk membeli $ 3 milyar dari saham General Electric disukai , The Guardian (1 Oktober 2008)
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44. ^ Schroeder, Alice The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life ISBN 0553805096 Bantam Sept 2008 ^ Schroeder, Alice The Snowball: Warren Buffett dan Bisnis Kehidupan ISBN 0553805096 Bantam September 2008
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51. ^ FTGlobal500.pdf June 2009,FT.com ^ FTGlobal500.pdf Juni 2009, FT.com
52. ^ "Warren Buffett's Multi-Billion Mistake with ConocoPhillips (COP)" . ^ "Multi-Miliar Warren Buffett Kesalahan dengan ConocoPhillips (COP)" . Gurufocus.com . http://www.gurufocus.com/news.php?id=50143 . Gurufocus.com. http://www.gurufocus.com/news.php?id=50143 . Retrieved 2010-05-23 . Diperoleh 2010/05/23.
53. ^ Credit rating agencies not to blame for crisis says Buffett ^ lembaga pemeringkat kredit tidak dapat dipersalahkan atas krisis mengatakan Buffett
54. ^ CBS News article Wedding Bells For Warren Buffett published August 31, 2006 ^ CBS News Pernikahan artikel Bells Untuk Warren Buffett diterbitkan 31 Agustus 2006
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60. ^ Schroeder, Alice (2009). The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life . Random House . ^ Schroeder, Alice (2009): The. Snowball Warren Buffett dan Usaha Kehidupan. Random House . pp. 656–657. ISBN 978-0553384611 . hlm.. 656-657 ISBN 978-0553384611 . Excerpt available at Google Books . tersedia Kutipan di Buku Google .
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71. ^ Warren Buffett, Martha Stewart, Gisele Bündchen, and Kosmos Featuring Carl Sagan Headline New Slate of Purpose-Driven Entertainment for Children . http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20090724005103&newsLang=en . ^ Warren Buffett, Martha Stewart, Gisele Bündchen, dan Kosmos Carl Sagan fitur Headline Baru Slate dari Purpose Driven Hiburan untuk Anak-anak . http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20090724005103&newsLang = en .
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76. ^ Kapner, Suzanne (2009-09-23). "Chinese suitmaker woos Warren Buffett - Sep. 23, 2009" . ^ Kapner, Suzanne (2009/09/23). "suitmaker Cina woos Warren Buffett - 23 September 2009" . Money.cnn.com . http://money.cnn.com/2009/09/23/news/companies/warren_buffett_dayang_suits.fortune/index.htm?postversion=2009092513 . Money.cnn.com. http://money.cnn.com/2009/09/23/news/companies/warren_buffett_dayang_suits.fortune/index.htm?postversion=2009092513 . Retrieved 2010-05-23 . Diperoleh 2010/05/23.
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78. ^ Larson, George (2009-11-04). "Warren Buffett ancestry" . ^ Larson, George (2009/11/04). "Warren Buffett keturunan" . ancestry.com . http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=geolarson2&id=I092445 . ancestry.com. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=geolarson2&id=I092445 . Retrieved 2009-11-04 . Diperoleh 2009/11/04.
79. ^ "Warren Buffett and Peter Lynch Voted Top Money Managers of the Century" . Business Wire . ^ "Warren Buffett dan Lynch Peter Terpilih Manajer Uang Top of the Century" . Wire Bisnis . 1999-11-22 . http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1999_Nov_22/ai_57747902 . 1999/11/22. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1999_Nov_22/ai_57747902 . Retrieved 2008-05-20 . Diperoleh 2008/05/20.
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83. ^ "Transcript of second McCain, Obama debate" . CNN . ^ "Transkrip kedua Obama, McCain debat" . CNN. 10 October 2008 . http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/10/07/presidential.debate.transcript/ . 10 Oktober 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/10/07/presidential.debate.transcript/ . Retrieved 2008-10-10 . Diperoleh 2008/10/10.
84. ^ "Obama appoints Buffett as economic adviser" . ^ "Obama menunjuk Buffett sebagai penasihat ekonomi" . Reuters. Reuters. 7 November 2008 . http://www.moneyweb.co.za/mw/view/mw/en/page95?oid=234774&sn=Detail . 7 November 2008. http://www.moneyweb.co.za/mw/view/mw/en/page95?oid=234774&sn=Detail .
85. ^ USA Today: Schwarzenegger taps Buffett as finance advisor 14 Aug 2003 ^ USA Today: PDAM Schwarzenegger Buffett sebagai penasihat keuangan 14 Agustus 2003
86. ^ Lou Hoffman, The Hoffman Agency . ^ Lou Hoffman, Badan Hoffman . " Startup lessons learned from Warren Buffett ." " Startup pelajaran yang dipelajari dari Warren Buffett . " April 13, 2010. April 13, 2010. Retrieved, April 16, 2010. Diperoleh, April 16, 2010.
87. ^ How Inflation Swindles the Equity Investor , Warren Buffett, FORTUNE, May 1977 ^ Bagaimana Inflasi penipuan Investor Ekuitas, Warren Buffett, FORTUNE, Mei 1977
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93. ^ "The World's Billionaires: #3 Warren Buffett" , Forbes , 03.10.10 ^ "The World's Billionaires: # 3 Warren Buffett" , Forbes, 03.10.10
94. ^ NY Times article should go here ^ Artikel NY Times harus pergi di sini
95. ^ "How Inflation Swindles the Equity Investor", Warren E. Buffett, Fortune May 1977 # ^ "Bagaimana Inflasi penipuan Investor Ekuitas", Warren E. Buffett, Fortune Mei 1977 #
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109. ^ "uk.reuters.com, Warren Buffett lunch sells for record $2.11 mln" . Uk.reuters.com. 2008-06-28 . http://uk.reuters.com/article/rbssFinancialServicesAndRealEstateNews/idUKN2646483420080628 . Retrieved 2009-02-23 . Diperoleh 2009/02/23.
110. ^ "cnbc.com, Warren Buffett Charity Lunch Auction Ends with High Bid of $2,110,100" . ^ "cnbc.com, Warren Buffett Amal Makan siang Lelang Berakhir dengan Tinggi Tawaran dari $ 2.110.100" . Cnbc.com . http://www.cnbc.com/id/25421046 . Cnbc.com. http://www.cnbc.com/id/25421046 . Retrieved 2009-02-23 . Diperoleh 2009/02/23.
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114. ^ Burrough, Bryan; Helyar, John (1990). Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco . New York: Harper & Row . ISBN 0-060-16172-8 .
115. ^ "''Warren Buffett Cools on His Attraction to Tobacco Business'', Jenell Wallace, Bloomberg news, Apr/25/94, Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, University of California San Diego Library" . Legacy.library.ucsf.edu . http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/whg85e00/pdf . Retrieved 2010-05-23 . Diperoleh 2010/05/23.
116. ^ "The Education of Warren Buffett: Why did the guru cancel six coal plants?" Ted Nace, Gristmill, April 15, 2008
117. ^ Josh Funk (5/3/2008). "Buffett again rebuffs advocates who want Klamath dams out" . USA Today ( USA Today ) . http://www.usatoday.com/money/topstories/2008-05-03-3055404993_x.htm .
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120. ^ Buffett, Warren (1977–05). "How Inflation Swindles the Equity Investor". Fortune
121. ^ "Warren Buffet". Forbes : 24, 42–3. 2007-11-26.
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124. ^ Jim Snyder (2007-11-15). "Buffett tells Senate Finance panel 'dynastic' wealth on the rise in US" . The Hill ( The Hill (newspaper) ) . http://thehill.com/business--lobby/buffett-tells-senate-finance-panel-dynastic-wealth-on-the-rise-in-us-2007-11-15.html .
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127. ^ "Warren Buffett, ''Fuzzy Math And Stock Options '', The Washington Post, July 6, 2004, Page A19" . Washingtonpost.com. Washingtonpost.com. 2004-07-06 . http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A29807-2004Jul5.html . Retrieved 2010-05-23 . Diperoleh 2010/05/23.
128. ^ Buffett, Warren E. (2002-07-24). "Warren E. Buffett, ''Who Really Cooks the Books?'', The New York Times, July 24, 2002" . New York Times . http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B01EFD81538F937A15754C0A9649C8B63&scp=1&sq=buffett%20cooks%20books&st=cse . Retrieved 2010-05-23 . Diperoleh 2010/05/23.
129. ^ "Shareholder Proposal Regarding Berkshire's Investment In PetroChina" (PDF). Berkshire Hathaway . http://www.berkshirehathaway.com/sudan.pdf . Retrieved 2008-05-20 . Diperoleh 2008/05/20.
130. ^ "Warren Buffet's 500% Return from BYD: The Show Just Begun?" . ChinaStakes . http://www.chinastakes.com/2009/9/warren-buffets-500-return-from-byd-the-show-just-begun.html . Retrieved 2009-09-16 . Diperoleh 2009/09/16.
131. ^ a b c d e Del Jones, "Book titles like to play the Warren Buffett name game," USA Today , October 22, 2008.
132. ^ Buffett, Warren; Cunningham, Lawrence. The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America, Second Edition . The Cunningham Group. ISBN 978-0-9664461-2-8 .
133. ^ Hagstrom, Robert G.; Miller, Bill R.; Fisher, Ken (2005). The Warren Buffett Way . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. ISBN 0-471-74367-4 .
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135. ^ Janet Maslin , "Books of The Times: The Richest Man and How He Grew (and Grew His Company, Too)," New York Times , September 28, 2008.
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Warren Buffett